Do mutational and recombinational mechanisms bear on how evolution works at its core? According to the theory of Interaction-based Evolution (Livnat 2017), mutation is neither purely random nor Lamarckian. Instead, complex biological mechanisms that continually evolve under natural selection influence the per-locus probabilities of mutation and recombination in important ways. We are currently testing this theory and exploring its implications for evolution and molecular medicine with the help of both mathematical models and ultra-high accuracy DNA sequencing methods.